Kiin Bio Weekly
Kiin Bio Weekly
Introducing Chai-2: A Breakthrough Framework for Zero-Shot Antibody Design
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Introducing Chai-2: A Breakthrough Framework for Zero-Shot Antibody Design


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Chai Discovery Team has unveiled Chai-2, a next-generation, multimodal AI platform for zero-shot de novo antibody and miniprotein design. By integrating atomic-level generative models with rapid lab-in-the-loop validation, Chai-2 tackles a longstanding challenge in therapeutic discovery: reliably generating functional binders from scratch without high-throughput screens.

Key Innovations and Capabilities:

1. Zero-Shot Design & Validate Workflow

  • Design: Prompt Chai-2 with an epitope or binding-site definition. The model generates diverse, atomically resolved binder candidates, spanning scFvs, VHHs, and miniproteins, entirely from scratch.

  • Validate: Advance ≤20 designs per target directly to wet-lab testing in a single 24-well plate. No large-scale screening needed.

  • Iterate: High hit rates (up to 68% for miniproteins; ~16% for antibodies) compress the design-to-validation cycle to under two weeks.

2. Multimodal Generative AI Foundation

  • Chai-2’s all-atom generative models:

    • Predict 3D structures and binder-target complexes with twice the experimental accuracy of its predecessor.

    • Simultaneously design sequence and structure for various binding modalities.

    • Generalise across 52 diverse, novel targets with no known binders in the Protein Data Bank.

3. Scalable, Generalisable Approach

Unlike traditional pipelines, Chai-2:

  • Requires no known starting antibodies or retraining for each target.

  • Leverages advanced structure prediction (DockQ ≥ 0.8) for atomic-level precision.

  • Routinely generates structurally novel binders with high sequence diversity.

4. Applications in Drug Discovery

  • De Novo Antibody Discovery: Achieves ~16% hit rates across diverse, unseen antigens which is a 100× improvement over previous methods.

  • Miniprotein Binders: Delivers picomolar affinities against challenging targets, including the first computationally designed TNFα binder.

  • Cross-Reactivity Engineering: Generates binders simultaneously targeting human and cyno homologs.

  • Flexible Design: Supports precise epitope targeting and format switching (scFv ↔ VHH).

5. Performance & Validation

Chai-2’s performance is demonstrated through:

  • Rigorous experimental binding assays (BLI) confirming specific, high-affinity interactions.

  • Independent off-target screens, polyreactivity profiling, and developability assessments.

  • Structure and sequence novelty checks ensuring true de novo generation.

6. Limitations and Future Work

Current focus: Epitope-specific binders at the antibody or miniprotein level; expansion to complex modalities like bispecifics and antibody-drug conjugates is underway.

Challenges: Enhancing immunogenicity prediction, manufacturability profiling, and atomic-level structure accuracy for highly flexible CDR loops.

Roadmap: Develop next-generation design modules to support fully integrated pipelines for multi-specific, cross-reactive, and IND-ready biologics.

Why It Matters

Chai-2 shifts biologics discovery from high-throughput screens to intentional, programmable molecular engineering. By reliably designing validated binders in a single computational-experimental cycle, Chai-2 sets the stage for an era where zero-shot AI design can deliver drug-like leads faster than ever imagined.

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